Abbreviation of various Shipping Terms, ☼ Different Country and port

☼ Abbreviation of Various Shipping Terms 

1.      CM            : Cost of making/ cutting and making

2.      FOB          : Freight on board

3.      C & F        : Cost and freight / Clearing and forwarding

4.      CIF            : Cost, insurance and freight

5.      CIFI          : Cost, insurance, freight and interest

6.      CIFE         : Cost, insurance, freight and exchange

7.      COD         : Cash on delivery

8.      CWO         : Cash with order

9.      FOW         : Free on wagon

10.  Franco       : (…Named Port of Shipment) FOB : Free on Board (…Named Port of Shipment)

11.  CFR          : Cost and Freight (…Named Port of Destination)

12.  CIF            : Cost, Insurance and Freight (…Named port of Destination)

13.  CPT           : Carriage Paid To (…Named Place of Destination)

14.  CIP            : Carriage and instruction paid to (…Named Place of Destination)

15.  DAF          : Delivered at frontier (..Named Place)

16.  DES          : Delivered Ex Ship (…Named Port of Destination)

17.  DEQ          : Delivered Ex QUAY (…Named Port of Destination)

18.  DDU         : Delivered Duty Unpaid (…Named Place of Destination)

19.  DDO         : Delivered Duty Paid (…Named Place of Destination)

Common Export & Shipping Abbreviations.

AAA →Association of Average Adjusters

ABCC →Arab British Chamber of Commerce

A/C →Account

Act of God →Any act which could not have been prevented by human care and forethought

ADR→EU agreement for international carriage of dangerous goods by road

AF →Advance Freight (such as prior to shipment)

AMT →Air Mail Transfer

AN →Advice Note

ANF →Arrival Notification Form

A/O →Account Of

AP →Additional Premium

ASEAN →Association of South East Asia Nations

ASWP →Any Safe World Port

ASSP →Any Safe Suitable Port

ATA →Admission Temporaire - Temporary Addmission

ATP →Accorded Transports Perissable (european agreement on the
international carriage of perishable foodstuffs)

ATR →Admission Temporaries  Roulette - Temporary Admission on Wheels

AV →Freight rate based on value of goods shipped

AWB →Air Waybill

BAF →Bunker age Adjustment Factor on shipping rates

BB →Bill Book

BD →Bond

B/D →Bankers Draft

BDI →Both Days Included

B/E →Bill of Exchange

BF →Back Freight for goods being returned to point of origin

BIFA →British International Freight Association

BKG →Breakage

BKGE →Brokerage

BL →Bulk Licence to cover a trading period, or value

B/L →Bill of Lading

BOND →guarantee to Customs for payment of duty or tax

BOTB →British Overseas Trade Board

BP →Bills Payable

BR →Bills Received

BS →Bill of Sight used for Customs declaration when the importer is unable to furnish all documents

B/S →Bill of Sale

BSEC →Black Sea Economic Co-operation

BSI →British Standards Institution

BST →British Summer Time

CAA →Civil Aviation Authority

CAD →Cash Against Documents

CAF →Currency Adjustment Factor for sea freight rates

CAP →Common Agricultural Policy

CARICOM →Caribbean Community

Carr Fwd. →Carriage Forward

CB →Container Base

CBD →Cash Before Delivery

CBM →Cubic Metre

CCC →Customs Clearance Certificate

CCCN →Customs Co-Operation Council Nomenclature (formerly BTN Brussels Tarriff Nomenclature)

CCM →Caribbean Common Market

CC/O →Certificate of Consignment/Origin

C&D →Collected & Delivered

CD →Customs Declaration

CDV →Current Domestic Value

C&E →Customs & Excise

CE →Community European - quality mark on goods

CET →Central European Time

CEN →European Standards Office

C&F →Cost & Freight (not in INCOTERMS 1990)

Cf →Cubic Feet

CFR →Cost & Freight (named port of destination)

CHIEFS →The UK Customs electronic system for both export and
import transactions

ch pd →Carriage Paid

ch ppd →Carriage Pre-paid

C/I →Consular Invoice/Certificate of Insurance

CIF →Cost Insurance & Freight (named port of destination)

CIF&C →Cost Insurance & Freight & Commission

CIFC&I →Cost Insurance, Freight, Commission & Interest

CIM →Contract of movement by International Rail

CKD →Completely Knocked Down

CMR →Convention Merchandises Par Routes (conditions for the
international carriage of goods by road)

CNF = Cost Net Freight

C/N →Consignment Note, Cover Note

C/NEE  →Consignee

C/NOR →Consignor

CO or C/O →Certificate of Origin, Cash Order

COD →Cash On Delivery

COM/I →Commercial Invoice

COMET →Committee Of Middle East Trade

COMITEXTIL →Co-Ordination Committee for the Textile Industry in the EU

C of O →Certificate of Origin, note there are several different types

COI →Central Office of Information

COP →Certificate Of Posting

COTECHNA →A London based company engaged in pre inspection

CPA →Claims Payable Abroad

CPD →Charter Pays Due

CPT →Carriage Paid To (named destination)

CR →Current Rate, Carriers Risk, Compound Risk

CRN →Customs Registered Number

C/S →Currency Surcharge

CT →Community Transit

CTC →Customs Tarriff Code, now harmonised virtually world-wide

CTL →Constructive Total Loss

C/V →Certificate of Value

C/VO →Certificate of Value & Origin

CWO →Cash With Order

CY →Currency

D/A →Documents Against Acceptance, Days after Acceptance

DAF →Delivered At Frontier

DAN →Deferment Account Number

DDP →Delivered Duty Paid

DDU →Delivered Duty Unpaid

DEPS →Departmental Entry Processing System

DEQ →Delivered Ex Quay (named port of destination)

DES →Delivered Ex Ship (named port of destination)

DFT →Draft

DGN →

D/A	"Documents against acceptance, days after acceptance
DAF	Delivered at Frontier
DB	DeustcheBundesbahn(German Railways)
Dbk	Drawback
D/C	"Deviation clause, documentary collection
dd	Delivered
D/D	days after date (of tenor of bill of exchange)
DDA	Duty Deferment account
DDP	Delivered duty paid
DDU	Delivered duty unpaid
DEM	Deutschmark
DEPS	Departmental Entry Processing System
DEQ	Delivered ex quay
DES	Delivered ex ship
DESO	DefenceExport ServicesOrganisation
DGN	Dangerous Goods Note
DF	Dead freight (shipper orchartererpays for space booked but not occupied)
Dft	Draft
DKR	DanishKroner
D/O	Delivery order
D/P	"Documents against payment, direct port
D/R	Deposit receipt
D/S	Days after sight
DSB	DanskeStaatsbahn(Danish Railways)
DTI	Direct trader input/Department of Trade and Industry
D/W	"Dock Warrant, deadweight
dwc	Deadweight capacity
dyor	dely Delivery
EAPE	Exchange as per Endorsement
EAR	Export after repair
EC	European Community
ECA	Economic Co-operation Administration
ECE	Economic Commission forEurope
ECGD	Export Credits Guarantee Department
ECI	Export Consignment Identifier
ECOFIN	Economic and Financial Affairs Council (EC)
ECPD	Export Cargo Packing Declaration
ECS	Echantillonscommerciaux commercial samples
ECSC	European Coal & Steel Community
ECSI	Export Cargo Shipping Instruction
ECU	European currency unit
EDCS	Electronic Data Capture Service
EDI	Electronic Data Interchange
EDIA	Electronic Data Interchange Association
EEA	European Economic Area
EFTA	European Free Trade Association
EHA	Equipment Handover Agreement
EHC	Export Health Certificate
EIB	European Investment Bank
EIC	European Information Centre
EIMT	Express International Money Transfer
EIS	Export Intelligence Service BOTB)
EMS	Express money service
e&oe	Errors &ommissionsexcepted
eohp	Except as otherwise herein provided
EPS	Entry processing station
EPU	"Entry processing unit, European payments unit
ESC	"European Shippers Council, Portuguese Escudo
ESCAP	Economic and Social Commission forAsia& the Pacific
ESL	Sales Listing
EC	Eastern Standard Time USA)
ETA	Estimated time of arrival
ETD	Estimated time of departure
ETS	Estimated time of sailing
EURATOM	European Atomic Energy Community
Ex	"Examined, Exchanged, Executed, Excluding, out of
EXBO	Export Buying Offices Association
Exd	Examined
EXW	Ex works
faa	Free of all average
fac	Forwarding agents commission
fak	Freight all kinds
FAS	Free alongside ship
FBL	Forwarders Bill of Lading
FCA	Free carrier
FCL	Full container load
FC & S	free of capture and seizure
Fco	Franco
FCR	Forwarder's Certificate of Receipt
FCT	Forwarders Certificate of Transport
fd	"Free discharge, free docks, free dispatch or free delivery
F & D	Freight and demurrage
ffa	Free from alongside or free foreign agency
ffi	for further instructions
FGA	Free of General Average
FIATA	International Federation of Freight Forwarders Association
faa	Free of all average
fac	Forwarding agents commission
fak	Freight all kinds
FAS	Free alongside ship
FBL	Forwarders Bill of Lading
FCA	Free carrier
FCL	Full container load
FC & S	free of capture and seizure
Fco	Franco
FCR	Forwarder's Certificate of Receipt
FCT	Forwarders Certificate of Transport
fd	"Free discharge, free docks, free dispatch or free delivery
F & D	Freight and demurrage
ffa	Free from alongside or free foreign agency
ffi	for further instructions
FGA	Free of General Average
FIATA	International Federation of Freight Forwarders Association
FIO	Free in and out -chartererpays for cost of loading and discharging cargo
FIO & stowed	Free in and out -chartererpays for cost of loading and discharging cargo plus stowing
FIO & trimmed	Free in and out -chartererpays for cost of loading and discharging cargo plus trimming
FIT	Federation of International Traders
fiw	Free in wagon
F/L	Freight liner
FLIC	Forwarders local import control
FMB	Federal Maritime Board (USA)
FMC	Federal Maritime Commission (USA)
Fo	"For orders, free out terms
FOB	Free on board
foc	Free of charge
fod	Free of damage
forex	foreign exchange
FP	Floating (open) marine policy/fully paid
FPA	Free of particular average (obsolete)
FP -C	Flash pointcelsius
FR	Freight release
FRA	Forward Rate Agreement
Franco	Free -e.g. Franco London-all charges paid to arrivalLondon
fr& cc	Free of riots and civil commotions
FRF	French Franc
frt	Freight
FS	Italian Railways
frof	Fire risk on freight
FTA	Freight Transport Association or Free Trade Agreements
FTL	Full Trailer Load
Fwd	Forward
G/A	"General Average, GeneralAuthorisation
GAC	General Average Certificate
G/A	con General Average contribution
GATT	General Agreement of Tariffs & Trade
GBP	Pound sterling
GCBS	General Council of British Shipping
GCC	Gulf Cooperation Council
GmbH	Registered Company (Germany)
GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
gnp	Gross national product
GRT	Gross registered tonnage
Grwt	Gross weight
gsm	Good sound merchantable
GSP	Generalisedsystem of preferences
GUV	General Utility Van (rail)
GV	GrandVitesse(express train)
HAWB	HouseAirwaybill
HBL	House Bill of Lading
H/c	Held covered
HCS	HarmonisedCommodity Section
HFL	DutchFlorin
h/h	Half-height (container)
HL	Heavy lift
HMC	Her Majesty's Customs
HMC&E	Her Majesty's Customs and Excise
HMSO	HerMajestysStationery Office
HVR	Hague-VisbyRules
IATA	International Air Transport Association
IB	In Bond or invoice book
IBAP	Intervention Board for Agricultural Produce
(x) IBOR	InterbankOffered Rate
IBRD	International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICAO	International Civil AviationOrganisation
ICB	International Container Bureau
ICC	"International Chamber of Commerce, Institute Cargo Clauses
IC & C	Invoice cost and charges
ICCH	International Commodities Clearing House
ICD	Inland clearance Depot
ICHCA	International Cargo Handling Co-ordination Association
Icc	Institute Cargo clauses
ICS	International Chamber of Shipping or Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers
ID	Import Duty
IDA	International Development Authority
IDR	Import Duty Relief
IFC	International Finance Corporation
IFF	InstituteofFreightForwarders
I/L	ImportLicence
ILO	InternationalLabourOrganisation
ILU	InstituteofLondonUnderwriters
IMB	International Maritime Council
IMCO	International Maritime ConsultativeOrganisation
IMDG	International Maritime Dangerous Goods code
IMF	International Monetary Fund
IMO	International MaritimeOrganisation
IMT	International Money Transfer
INR	Indian Rupee
INSA	InternationalShipowners' Association
INTRASTAT	Intra EC Statistics
IOE	InstituteofExport
ipa	Including particular average
IPR	Inward Processing Relief
IRD	Inland rail depot
IRN	Import Release Note
IRU	UnionInternationaledes TransportsRoutiers
ISC	Institute Strike Clauses
ISF	International Shipping Federation
ISO	International StandardsOrganisation
ITI	Customs Convention on the International transit of goods
ITMA	InstituteofTradeMark Agents
IUPIP	InternationalUnionfor the Protection of Intellectual Property
IWC	Institute War Clauses
J & WO	Jettison & washing overboard
JLCD	JointLiasonCommittee on Documents
LJPY	JapeneseYen
LAFTA	Latin American Free Trade Association
LASH	Lighter aboard ship
L/C	Letter of Credit
LCL	Less than full container load
LAB	Lloyds Average Bond
L/A	"Lloyds Agent, letter of authority
ldg	Loading
Ldg&Dly	Landing and delivery
Lds	Loads
LDC	Less-developed country
LEC	Local export control
LI	Letter of Indemnity
LIBID	LondonInterbankBid Rate
LIBOR	LondonInterbankOffered Rate
LIC	Local import control
LIFFE	LondonInternational Financial Futures Exchange
LIMEAN	LondonInterbankMean Rate
LIT	Italian Lira
Lkg & bkg	Leakage & breakage
Lkge	Leakage
L/L	Long length
LO/LO	Lift on/lift off
LOR	Lender's Offered Rate
LR	Lloyds Register
ls	Lumpsum(freight)
LT-EUR1	Long-term movement certificate(EC)
LVI	Local Veterinary Inspector
LVP	Low Value Procedure
MAT	"Marine, aviation and transport (insurance)
MAWB	Master Air Waybill
MDHB	MerseyDocks andHarbourBoard
MFN	MostFavouredNation
mgr	Merry-go-round (rail); manager
Min	Minimum
Min wt	Minimum weight
MIP	Marine Insurance Policy
MR	Mate's receipt
mst or msmt	Measurement
MT	"Mail Transfer, metrictonne; empty (to describe container)
M3	Cubicmetre
MV or mv	Motor vessel
n/a	"no account (banking), not applicable
N/A	No advice
NCM	NederlandscheCredietverzekeringMaatschappij
NCV	No commercial value
ND	No discount
NDPS	National Data Processing Service
ne	Not exceeding
Nei	Not elsewhere included
Nes	Not elsewhere specified
NIR	Northern IrelandRailways
NMB	National Maritime Board
NOK	NorwegianKroner
nop	Not otherwise provided
NPC	National Ports Council
nr	No risk until confirmed or net register
nrad	No risk after discharge
NRT	Nettregistered tonnage
ns	NerdlandseSpoorwegen(Dutch Railways)
nspf	Not specially provided for
N/t	Net terms
NVOCC	Non vessel owning common carrier
NYPLR	New YorkPrime Lending Rate
o/a	On account of
OBO's	Oil/Bulk/Ore carriers
O/C	"Open cover, open charter
o/c	Overcharge
OCN	Out-of-charge note
OCTs	The Overseas countries and territories of member states associated with the EEC under part 4 of the Treaty of Rome
o/d	On demand or overdrawn
OECD	Organisationfor Economic Co-operation & Development
OEEC	Organisationfor European Economic Co-operation
OFT	Office of Fair Trading
OGL	Open GeneralLicence
OJEC	Official Journal of the European Communities
on	Official number
O/o	Order of
oog	Out of gauge
OP	Open or floating cargo insurance policy
OPEC	Organisationof Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPR	Outward Processing Relief
O/R	Owner's risk
P/A	"Private account, particular average, power of attorney
PBA	PortofBristolAuthority
P/C	"Price current, per cent
Pd	Paid or passed
PD	Port dues
PE	Period entry
PEP	Projects and Export Policy Division (BOTB)
pkge	Package
P&I	Protection and Indemnity
PKD	Partially knocked down
P/L	Partial loss
PLA	PortofLondonAuthority
pm	Premium
PMS	Permanent Manual System
P/N	Promissory note
POA	Place of acceptance
PO	"Post Office, purchase order, payment order
POD	Paid on delivery/Proof of delivery
Ppd	Prepaid
PR	Parcel receipt
PSD	Pre-shipment document
PSI	Pre-shipment Inspection
PT	Preferential Treatment
PTL	Partial total loss
PUCC	Port Users Consultative Committee
PV	PetiteVitesse(slow goods train)
Qn	Quotation
Qty	Quantity
RAFT	Revolving Acceptance Facility by Tender
RAPR	Refer to acceptor please re-present
R & CC	Riots and Civil Commotions
CC & S	"Riots, Civil Commotions & Strikes
RDPR	Refer to drawer please represent
REDS	Registered Excise Shippers and Dealers
Reefer	Refrigerated box or vessel
RENFE	Spanish Railways
RES	Retail Export Scheme
RHA	Road Haulage Association
RN	Removal Note
R/O	Routing Order
Ro/Ro	Roll-on/Roll-off
RP	P "Return premium, reply paid, return of post
ROD	"Rusting,oxidisation, denting (discolouration)
RTK	Revenuetonnekilometres
RTP	Restrictive trade practices
S/a	"Safe arrival or subject to approval,SocieteAnonyme(limited company France)
SAD	Single Administrative Document
sae	Stamped addressed envelope
Sar	Limited company (Italy)
sanr	Subject to approval no risk
SB	"Short Bill, payable on demand or sight
SCP	Simplified Clearance Procedure
SD	"Sight Draft, Short Delivery
SDBL	Sight Draft with attached Bill of Lading
SDR	Special Drawing Rights
SEA	Single European Act
SEK	SwedishKroner
SEM	Single European Market
SFR	Swiss Franc
S & H/exct	Sundays and Holidays excepted in lay days
IECA	"General Treaty of Economic Integration, Central American States
SITC	Standard International Trade Classification
SITPRO	Simplification of International Trade Procedures Board
SGS	SocieteGeneralede Surveillance
SNCB	SocieteNationaledeCheminsdeFerBelgique(Belgian Railways)
SNCF	SocieteNationaledeCheminsdeFer(French Railways)
SSN	Standard Shipping Note
SO	Seller's option
SOB	Shipped on board
SOEC	Statistical Office European Community
spr	Sunprotectinrequired
RCC	"Strikes, riots & civil commotions
SS	Steamship
SSD	Supplementary Statistical Declaration
stc	Said to contain
SWIFT	Society for WorldwideInterbankFinancial Telecommunications
SWL	Safe Working load
TDC	Total distribution costs
TDW	Tons deadweight
TEU	Twenty-foot equivalent unit
THE	Technical Help for Exporters (department of the BOTB)
TIEx	International Express Rail Parcels consignment note
TIR	TransportInternationaleRoutiers
T/L	Total Loss
TLA	Tanker Loading Authority
TLO	Total loss only
TMR	Trade Marks Registry
TMO	Telegraphic money order
P & ND	"Theft, Pilferage and non-delivery
TQ	TaleQuale(according to sample)
TSR	Transit shed register or Trans Siberian Railway
TT	Telegraphic transfer
TTC	Tariff trade code
TUCC	Transport Users Consultative Committee
TURN	Trader unique reference number
U/A	"Underwriting account, unit of account
UCE	Unforeseen circumstances excepted
UCP	Uniform Customs and Practice (of Documentary Credits)
U/D	Under deck
UDEAC	Central African Customs and EconomicUnion
UDEAO	UnionDouanceetEconomiqued'AfriqueOccidentale
ULCC	Ultra large crude carrier
ULD	Unit load device
UN	United Nations
UNCTAD	The United Nations Conference on Trade & Development
UNCITRAL	The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law
UPU	Universal PostalUnion
URC	Uniform Rules for Collections
URCG	Uniform Rules Contract Guarantees
USD	United StatesDollar
U/w	Underwriter
VAT	Value Added Tax
VLCC	Very large crude carrier
WA	With average (obsolete)
WB	"Waybill, warehouse book
w/d	"Warranted, withdrawn
wg	Weight guaranteed
Wgt	Weight
WIPO	World Intellectual PropertyOrganisation
W & M	War & Marine
W/M	Weight and/or measurement
WP	Without prejudice
WPA	With particular average obsolete)
WR	Warehouse receipt
wro	War risks only
Wt	Weight
WTE	Wartime extension clause
WW	Warehouse warrant
YAR	York-Antwerp rules
ZAR	South AfricanRand

Shipping Terminology Used in Import Export Business:

Mostly used 60 shipping terms have presented in the below:

1. What is CM?

CM stands at cost of making or cutting and making.

2. What is FOB?

FOB means Freight on board.

3. What is C&F?

C&F means cost and freight or clearing and forwarding.

4. What is CIF?

CIF includes cost, insurance and freight.

5. What is CIFI?

In case of shipping terms, CIFI includes cost, insurance, freight and interest.

6. What is CIFE?

CIFE means cost, insurance, freight and exchange.

7. What is COD?

COD stands at cash on delivery.

8. What is CWO?

CWO means cash with order.

9. What is FOW?

FOW stands at free on wagon.

10. What is CPT?

CPT stands at carriage paid to.

11. What is CIP?

In case of shipping terms, CIP means carriage and instruction paid to.

12. What is DAF?

DAF means delivered at frontier.

13. What is DES?

DES stands at delivered ex ship.

14. What is DEQ?

DEQ includes delivered ex quay.

15. What is DDU?

DDU means delivered duty unpaid.

16. What is DDO?

DDO stands at delivered duty paid.

17. What is A.D.I.S?

A.D.I.S stands at automated computer based data interchange system.

18. What is A/F?

A/F stands at advanced freight.

19. What is A.F.R.A?

A.F.R.A stands at average freight rate assessment.

20. What is A.G.B?

A.G.B stands at any good brand.

21.What is Agt?

In case of shipping terms, Agt means agent or against.

22. What is A.I.F.T.A?

A.I.F.T.A means associate institute freight trades association.

23. What is AN?

AN means arrival notice.

24. What is AMT?

AMT stands at amount.

25. What is A/O?

A/O means account of (also AO.)

26. What is AP?

AP stands at additional premium or average payable.

27. What is A/R?

A/R stands at all risks (also A.R.) regards to insurance.

28. What is ASABOSA?

ASABOSA means association of ships agents and brokers of South Africa.

29. What is A.T.A?

A.T.A means actual time of arrival.

30. What is AV?

In case of shipping terms, AV means available container.

31. What is BAF?

BAF means bunker adjustment factor.

32. What is BCV?

BCV means barge carrying vessel.

33. What is BD?

In case of shipping terms, BD means bank draft.

34. What is B/E?

B/E means bill of entry customs.

35. What is BIFA?

BIFA stands at British international freight association of freight forwarders.

36. What is B/L?

B/L means Bill of Loading.

37. What is BN?

In case of shipping terms, BN stands at booking note.

38. What is B/P?

B/P stands at bills payable.

39. What is B.P.B?

B.P.B means bank post bill.

40. What is BSC?

BSC means British shippers council.

41. What is BV?

In case of shipping terms, BV stands at Bureau Veritas – French ship classification society.

42. What is C&E?

C&E stands at customs and excise.

43. What is C.A.D?

C.A.D stands at cash against documents.

44. What is CAF?

CAF stands at container availability forecast.

45. What is C.A.N?

C.A.N means customs assigned number.

46. What is CCM?

CCM stands at central container management.

47. What is C.H?

C.H stands at custom house.

48. What is F&D?

F&D means freight and demurrage.

49. What is FCL?

FCL means full container load.

50. What is FCS?

FCS means freight calculation sheet.

51. What is FPD?

FPD means freight payable at destination.

52. What is I.C. &C?

I.C. &C stands at invoice cost and charges.

53. What is I.C.B?

I.C.B stands at International container bureau.

54. What is ICC?

In case of sipping terms, ICC means International chamber of commerce

55. What is IEF?

IEF means International exchange file.

56. What is I.S.F?

I.S.F stands at International shipping federation.

57. What is L/C?

L/C means Letter of credit.

58. What is TIR?

TIR means turn-in reconciliation.

59. What is SOB?

SOB stands at shipped on board.

60. What is RPT?

In shipping terms, RPT stands at rate per ton.

Air Freight

Unlike sea freight, the airlines have decided to charge for the heavy merchandise (high densitygoods) by weight, and lightweight merchandise (low density goods) by volume. However, as airplanes can take less weight than ocean liners, the way they Set the standard, in the garment industry, when you ship goods by air, you have a 70% chance to be charged by weight, about 30% chance by volume.The followings are the relationship between weight and volume as set by IATA ( International air transport association).

a.From most shipping locations in the Far east to the U.S. destinations and Canada 7000 cubiccm = 1 kilo.

b.From certain locations in the Far east to the U.S. destinations and Canada 6000 cubic cm = 1kilo.

Therefore when you have low density goods to ship by air, in order to determine if you should try tomake the cartons as small as possible to save freight. First you check with the local air forwarding agent by asking him in the country where you are, how many cubic cm is considered 1 kilo inweight. They will tell you either 7000 or 6000. This is the answer you need.Then you physically check the weight and measurements of the good s packed for the air shipment. Now we have the 3 answers as follows, for example:

1. The country is Bangladesh and the formula is 6000 cubic cm = 1 kilo
2. The measurements of the cartons are 50cmX 60cmX 40cm
3. The gross weight of the cartons are 16 kilo per carton.

Now let us find out if we should try to make the cartons smaller to save air freight by doing thefollowing calculation,Multiply 5 by 60 by 40 = 120000 cubic cm.120000 cubic cm divided by 6000= 20 kilo Now you know, by volume the one carton is of 2 kilo, but by actual weight the carton is of only 16kilo. You also know the airline will charge whichever is higher, in this case, they will charge you for 20 kilo, by volume. If the air freight rate is 2.80 per kilo this carton will cost you $56.00. Now, in order to save some money, let us try to make the carton smaller, usually by cutting theheight of the carton. Lets say we have succeeded in cutting down the height by 5 cm, and see how much money we can save.

Note :

Original size of the carton: 50 X 60 X 35 cm (=20 kilo)

Now cut down to 50 X60 X 35 cm= 105000 cubic cm.105000 / 6000 = 17.5 kilo

Now by using the new carton, we have saved 2.5 kilo and this carton will cost only $ 49.00 (17.5Kilo X 2.80)

☼ Different Country and port

Country	Port & price	Buyer
Sweden	Hamburg	New Wave Mode Lab
Sweden	Gothenburg	Cellbes Post Order AB
Spain	Barcelona (1500)	Geologistics Barcelona S.A.
Italy	Genova	Samar Spa
Sweden	Barcelona	Rueca Europea S. L.
France	Leharve (1200)
U.K.	Liverpool (1400)
Germany	Quaken Bruech (1645)	Centerline mode Vertriebs GMBH
Netherlands	Rotterdam